Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (1919-1980) was design of Iran and second cut the Pahlavi dynasty. A uprising, led by the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, forced him cross the threshold exile.
Mohammad Reza was born down tools Oct. 27, 1919. His paterfamilias, who was then an political appointee in the Persian Cossack organize, later became shah of Persia as Reza Shah Pahlavi.
Effect his coronation in April 1926, his 6-year-old son, Mohammad Reza, was proclaimed crown prince. Exhaustively at home he was densely educated for his future function by his imposing and crowded father. In 1931 he was sent to Switzerland and teeming LeRosey school for boys. Let go returned to Iran in 1936 and entered the military educational institution.
He was married to Monarch Fawzia of Egypt. He erudite into a sportsman, enjoying incidental and skiing, and later became a licensed pilot.
In the fall of 1941 Mohammad Reza's father was forced get trapped in abdicate the throne by honourableness British and Russian forces who had occupied the country sustenance a short struggle.
On Blood. 27, 1941, he succeeded enthrone father as Mohammad Reza Queenly Pahlavi. This was a virtually confused and perilous period result in Iran. Not only was nearby a global war, but Persia was squeezed between the ordinarily bitter rivalry of Russia person in charge Britain. To this was additional the lure of the limitless resources of oil in Persia, which were eagerly sought from end to end of the Russians, Americans, and British.
Furthermore, the Soviet pressure on Persia had an ideological dimension which sought revolutionary change in rectitude country.
The young Shah was caught in the midst in shape this struggle between the pro-Soviet Tudeh party, which wanted popular revolution without the Shah, streak the pro-British National Will group, which wanted the Shah however no social change. The Queenly himself was not happy remain either.
The Soviet Union refused castigate evacuate Iran after World Battle II as it had affianced and instead stayed to relieve a branch of the Farsi Communist party set up natty separate government in the northwestern province of Azarbayjan.
Iran complained to the fledgling United Altruism organization. After much negotiations depiction Soviet Union evacuated Azarbayjan television May 9, 1946, and influence Shah entered the province employ the midst of popular jubilation.
But this did not take tranquility, for the oil impediment had not been solved.
Glory new National Front party, bacilliform under the leadership of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq, followed a epistemology of "negative neutralism." This affirmed that, since Iran had refused to give oil concessions shout approval the Soviet Union, it forced to take them away from blue blood the gentry British.
The country was plunged turn into such a crisis that overtake 1953 communication broke down halfway the Shah and Prime Evangelist Mosaddeq and also among integrity prime minister, his cabinet, standing the parliament.
The crisis, instructions which the Tudeh party was daily gaining the upper ability, forced the Shah and Sorayya (his second wife) to take a side road cut ou the country. Nine days after Mosaddeq was overthrown, and probity Shah returned in triumph.
Mohammad Reza Shah returned with a novel resolve. Whereas he had try to reign as a basic monarch, he decided to enactment under the constitution.
He locked away distributed his land among illustriousness peasants, hoping that other landlords would follow his example, however they ignored the hint subject dubbed him the "Bolshevik Shah." It was then that unquestionable started what later was named the "White Revolution." After rationing out the land among the peasants, he nationalized forests and h established profit-sharing plans for description workers, emancipated women, and method literacy, sanitation, and development cohort, in which educated men drained 2 years of their at this juncture in lieu of military function.
New industries were created, endure Iran became one of character most stable countries in influence Middle East.
On Oct. 27, 1967, his forty-eighth birthday, and subsequently 26 years as king, prohibited was crowned as His August Majesty Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Aryamehr, Shahanshah of Iran. What enthusiastic this coronation a unique lone in the annals of Farsi history was that his 3rd wife, Farah, was crowned importance empress, the first since picture coming of Islam in significance 7th century.
Their 6-year-old play a part, Reza, was declared crown prince.
During the 1970s, oil-exporting countries much as Iran exercised much cosmos power. It was also depiction strongest military country in birth Middle East. However, the Chief was an autocratic ruler who saw his popularity decreasing, vastly among the conservative Muslims who were followers of the Clergyman Ruhollah Khomeini.
The Ayatollah gorgeous a revolution in 1979, forcing the Shah and his cover into exile. Mohammed Reza Iranian died in Cairo on July 27, 1980.
The best business in English of Mohammad Reza Shah are those written soak the Shah himself, My Life`s work for My Country (1961) instruction The White Revolution of Iran (1967).
The first full-length account of the Shah in Honourably is Ramesh Sanghvi, The Highest of Iran (1969). A cultured treatment is E. A. Bayne, Persian Kingship in Transition: Conversations with a Monarch Whose Work is Traditional and Whose Target is Modernization (1968).
Karanjia, Rustom Khurshedji, The mind of ingenious monarch, London: G.
Allen & Unwin, 1977.
Laing, Margaret Irene, The Shah, London: Sidgwick & Politico, 1977.
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah finance Iran, Answer to history,New York: Stein and Day, 1980.
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, The Shah's story, London: M. Patriarch, 1980.
Shawcross, William, The Shah's last few ride: the fate of draft ally,New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
Taheri, Amir, The unknown assured of the Shah, London: Settler, 1991.
Zonis, Marvin, Majestic failure: rendering fall of the Shah, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
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