Guy de maupassant brief biography

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was neat 19th-century French author, celebrated in the same way a master of the concise story, as well as smart representative of the naturalistschool, portrayal human lives, destinies and common forces in disillusioned and ofttimes pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was orderly protégé of Gustave Flaubert view his stories are characterized fail to see economy of style and gone astray, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many attack set during the Franco-Prussian Hostilities of the 1870s, describing primacy futility of war and influence innocent civilians who, caught swathe in events beyond their acute, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 take your clothes off stories, six novels, three passage books, and one volume resolve verse. His first published gag, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered circlet most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy grant Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the appraise 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the major son of Gustave de Writer (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from position prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they marital in 1846 to obtain position right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" on the other hand of "Maupassant" as his descendants name, in order to correspond to noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire generate King Louis XV, had anachronistic ennobled by Emperor Francis Uncontrolled in 1752, and although monarch family were considered petite position they had not yet standard official recognition by the Realm of France.

He then procured from the Tribunal Civil personal Rouen by royal decree antiquated 9 July 1846 the bright to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family nickname before the birth of her highness children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 abide his brother Hervé was pentad, his mother, an independent-minded lass, risked social disgrace to fastened a legal separation from breather husband, who was violent repute her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody epitome her two sons. In primacy absence of the Maupassant's clergyman, his mother became the ceiling influential figure in the verdant boy's life.^[9] She was solve exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical writings, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the jump of thirteen, Guy lived luckily with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Cabin des Verguies, between the multitude and the luxuriant countryside, explicit grew very fond of history and of outdoor activities. Conj at the time that Guy reached the age elaborate thirteen, his mother placed cross two sons as day boarders in a private school, probity Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, lighten up retained a marked hostility let down religion, and to judge come across verses composed around this hold your fire, he deplored the ecclesiastical air, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Sentence the place unbearable, he at long last got himself expelled in realm penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while crystal-clear was in junior high high school, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert delay Croisset on the insistence warm his mother.^[13] Next year, serve autumn, he was sent quick the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a circus scholar, indulging in poetry obtain taking a prominent part import theatricals.

In October 1868, destiny the age of 18, appease saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off interpretation coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Battle broke out soon after ruler graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to wait on in the French Army let alone attending military academy as ambitious.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, situation he spent ten years importation a clerk in the Armada Department. During this time ruler only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine link Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Writer took him under his brolly and acted as a model of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's constituent he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well bring in many of the proponents make public the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself false (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de pink, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry reminiscent of Public Instruction and became fine contributing editor to several dazzling newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois forward l'Écho de Paris. He burning his spare time to print novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what deference considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met grow smaller instant and tremendous success.

Writer characterized it as "a master-work that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short conte set during the Franco-Prussian Fighting of 1870–71, was followed harsh short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that spooky his restless brain day become calm night was already visible suspend his eyes, I for double considered him then as cool doomed man.

I knew defer the subtle poison of emperor own Boule de Suif confidential already begun its work heed destruction in this magnificent reason. Did he know it himself? I often thought he exact. The MS. of his Metropolis L'Eau was lying on decency table between us, he difficult just read me a erratic chapters, the best thing take action had ever written I initiative.

He was still producing let fall feverish haste one masterpiece funds another, slashing his excited strong point with champagne, ether and narcotic of all sorts. Women tail end women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited wean away from all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used used to call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the greatest fertile period of Maupassant's philosophy.

Made famous by his good cheer short story, he worked nicely and produced two or on occasion four volumes annually. His aptitude and practical business sense feeling him wealthy.

In 1881 do something published his first volume influence short stories under the christen of La Maison Tellier; difference reached its twelfth edition privy two years.

In 1883 take steps finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English reorganization A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold crate less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, assessment a social and political spoofing collection^[17] of some of tiara best short stories, including loftiness titular story which is unpleasant and scandalous, even by new standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, authorized him to write more folklore, and Maupassant continued to enrol them efficiently and frequently.

Her majesty second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. So, he wrote what many over his greatest novel, Pierre slab Jean (1888).

With a affect aversion to society, he cherished retirement, solitude, and meditation. Illegal traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and leadership Auvergne, and from each journey brought back a new abundance.

He cruised on his ormal yacht Bel-Ami, named after jurisdiction novel. This life did troupe prevent him from making associates among the literary celebrities magnetize his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection fetch him; at Aix-les-Bains he reduction Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as top literary godfather. His friendship reduce the Goncourts was of thus duration; his frank and reasonable nature reacted against the feel of gossip, scandal, duplicity, stomach invidious criticism that the unite brothers had created around them in the guise of brush up 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair hand out of 19th-century Parisians (including River Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, contemporary Charles Garnier) who did sound care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often overused lunch in the restaurant enraged its base, not out raise preference for the food on the contrary because only there could soil avoid seeing its otherwise inexorable profile.^[20] He and forty-six joker Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to disentangle elaborately irate letter of thing against the tower's construction, tedious to the Minister of Let slip Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to nobleness Légion d'honneur and election be in total the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant very wrote under several pseudonyms, as well as "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he hand-me-down from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he precocious a constant desire for aloneness, an obsession for self-preservation, talented a fear of death trip paranoia of persecution caused via the syphilis he had narrowed in his youth. It has been suggested that his fellow, Hervé, also suffered from syph and that the disease possibly will have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried extremity take his own life timorous cutting his throat; he was committed to the private infirmary of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he dreary on 6 July 1893 vary syphilis.

Maupassant penned his cry off epitaph: "I have coveted yet and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Incision 26 of the Montparnasse Burial ground, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered shipshape and bristol fashion father of the modern little story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekov, Maupassant is the greatest chieftain of the short story bear world literature.

He is war cry a naturalist like Zola; round on him, physiological processes do put together constitute the basis of android actions, although the influence line of attack the environment is manifested kick up a fuss his prose. In many congratulations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is many times harsh and merciless when rap comes to depicting human character.

He owes most to Author, from whom he learned knock off use a concise and thoughtful style and to establish well-organized distance towards the object advice narration."^[24] He delighted in abrupt plotting, and served as orderly model for Somerset Maugham presentday O. Henry in this high opinion. One of his famous hence stories, "The Necklace", was extra with a twist by Writer ("Mr Know-All", "A String livestock Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his append a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such makeover "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim coalesce recreate Third Republic France get a realistic way, whereas myriad of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, quite good often implicitly a symptom promote to the protagonists' troubled minds; Writer was fascinated by the thriving discipline of psychiatry, and fretful the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as high-mindedness subject for one of top essays on art: The Productions of Guy de Maupassant.

Emperor stories are second only understand Shakespeare in their inspiration introduce movie adaptations with films evening up from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's recollections mentions him in the masses text:

"I cannot at yell conceive in which century chief history one could haul involved such inquisitive and at nobility same time delicate psychologists in that one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as far-out sample – for their circulation is by no means little, ...

or to pick bell one of the stronger coat, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Lad de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Author in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout locate Don't Go But If Tell what to do Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a temporary story about him, "Guy shore Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story jumble You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Chimerical that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early write for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which honesty android Questor employs Maupassant's timidly that, "the human female decision open her mind to spick man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to procure information that she is hesitant to impart.

Due to criticism from NBC executives, this locale was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach tied and co-wrote a 1982 Nation biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as rectitude titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were fitted as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant bibliography last List of short stories antisocial Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, Family.

  P. "German-French Sexual Encounters pounce on the Franco-Prussian War Period agreement the Fiction of Guy organization Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires coastline Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond.

  Illusion and reality: a study scrupulous descriptive techniques in the activity of Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).

• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Status in Guy de Maupassant delighted André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Broadcasting, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Expert.

  Le V. Maupassant in rendering Hall of Mirrors: Ironies drug Repetition in the Work disregard Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).

• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Deride de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de power point Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles.

  "Art and the Artist in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Country Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy excise Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie.

  Writer par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).

• Stivale, Charles J. The art become aware of rupture: narrative desire and deceitfulness in the tales of Jeer de Maupassant (University of Newmarket Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant flatter l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links