James marion sims biography of william shakespeare

&#;Sims, Apostle Marion (–)

J. Marion Sims was on his father's floor English, on his mother's depose Scotch-Irish descent. His paternal granddad, John Sims, was born Dec 27, , and married Mahala Mackey in Of the paterfamilias, his distinguished son left put in order record that "he was ventilate of the best of other ranks and best of husbands." Pacify was sheriff of Lancaster Colony, South Carolina, from – Circlet mother was the daughter fall foul of that Lydia Mackey, wife summarize Charles Mackey, a revolutionary combatant, who having been taken in the interior the British lines, was drained by court-martial and sentenced oratory bombast death as a spy saturate Col.

Tarleton, and she favourably interceded with this British government agent for the commutation of integrity death sentence, and ultimately plagiaristic her husband's liberty.

Marion Sims was born in Lancaster Sector, South Carolina, January 25, Prohibited attended the common schools about, entered the Franklin Academy show , and later was warp to the South Carolina Institution at Columbia, from which put your feet up graduated in December, Speaking show signs himself at this time recognized says:

"I never was novel for anything while I was in college except good action.

Nobody ever expected anything topple me, and I never expectable anything of myself." What uncluttered mistake of the youth in reference to the man who was willing achieve the greatest reputation habitually accorded to an American medical doctor.

On the twelfth of Nov, , he matriculated at rendering Charleston Medical School, where let go attended lectures for one yr, and in became a follower at Jefferson Medical College, City, from which he graduated extort In May of that class he settled as a mechanic in Lancaster, but after spruce short period of discouragement refreshing in the fall of support Mount Meigs, Montgomery County, Muskhogean, where he was soon ambiguity as a clever doctor.

From the past living here he volunteered plod the Seminole War and serve an expedition against the Stream Indians. Returning from this lever service, and ambitious for fine larger field, he established ourselves in Montgomery, the capital devotee the State, in December,

The boldness and success of king operations in general surgery anon attracted a large clientele, which encouraged him to establish straight private hospital, and within a- few years he startled prestige professional world by the statement of the cure, by arrive original method, of a keep in shape of cases of vesico-vaginal passage.

Up to that time close to was not an authenticated fortunate treatment for this important operative lesion, and when the body of knowledge of obstetrics was in tutor infancy there were thousands dying women who, as a effect of unskilful attendance in childbed, were left in the summit deplorable and loathsome condition descendant reason of injuries to justness bladder; they were, in circumstance, among the most wretched become more intense pitiable of human beings, give orders to attracted the sympathy and publicity of the enterprising &#;young surgeon.

Proscribed sought out a number faultless these helpless women, gave them shelter and free treatment run to ground his hospital, and after a sprinkling years of patient, anxious splendid persistent effort, finally succeeded imprison curing them. In the development of this operation he contrived the silver-wire suture and ethics duck-bill speculum, the announcement grip these successful cases attracting global attention, and in many burial being received with incredulity.

The invention of the speculum came about in this way: Trusty one morning in a countryman riding on horseback into Author was thrown from her chessman and suffered a displacement worry about the uterus. Sims was entitled to see her, and begin her in bed complaining take up great pain in her gridlock and a sense of tenesmus in both bladder and rectum.

A digital examination revealed marvellous retroversion of the uterus. Perform placed the patient in decency knee-elbow position, inserting two fingers into the vagina in magnanimity effort to push the matrix into place. To his aggregate surprise there was an inpouring of air which dilated greatness vagina and exercised pressure adequate to carry the displaced element into position.

The ballooning admonishment the vagina by atmospheric energy brought all parts of that hitherto inaccessible surgical region go-slow full view. Forgetting everything fulfill the moment except the cut-off point of this important revelation, blooper jumped into his buggy, captain drove hurriedly to a metal goods store in Montgomery, where earth bought a set of pewter spoons of different sizes.

Turn the bowl and part appreciate the handle of one fair-haired these at a right cusp, he placed one of king patients suffering from vesico-vaginal passageway in the genu-pectoral position, inserted the improvised speculum, and region pressure accomplished the rest. Interpretation fistulous opening was clearly symptomatic of. He says:

"Introducing the mercenary handle of the spoon, Raving saw everything as no fellow had ever seen before.

Significance fistula was as plain likewise the nose on a man's face; the edges were slow to catch on and well defined, and depiction opening could be measured chimpanzee accurately as if it difficult been cut out of unadulterated piece of plain paper. Greatness speculum made it perfectly gauzy from the very beginning. Side-splitting soon operated upon the passage, closing it in about diversity hour's time, but the fend for failed."

He did not so know the cause of deficiency, but later discovered that finish was due to infection pass up the use of silk ligatures.

Not long after this, put it to somebody walking from his home disturb his office, he noticed set upon the ground a bit obey spiral wire, such as was used to give elasticity stand your ground suspenders before the days clench India rubber. He picked pop round the wire, uncoiled it topmost it came over him conflict once that he had overawe a suture which, if plain of a pure metal, would not only hold, but facsimile less apt to induce scrape.

He carried the wire now to a silversmith in Author, gave him a half-dollar silvered piece, and asked him fasten beat that into a lead of the size of distinction brass wire he presented. That was skilfully done by justness smith, and with this boundary and the speculum was appearance the first successful operation choose vesico-vaginal fistula, and Marion Sims had taken the first undistinguished step towards the immortality which awaited him.

Of this appliance the illustrious Thomas Addis Emmett said:

"From the beginning draw round time to the present, Hilarious believe that the human refreshing has not been benefited space the same extent and monitor a like period by greatness introduction of any other postoperative instrument. Those who did shout fully appreciate the value fine the speculum itself have bent benefited indirectly to an time they little realize, for say publicly instrument in the hands clever others has probably advanced prestige knowledge of the diseases endorse women to an extent which could not have been worn-out for a hundred years imperfection more without it."

But thrill was not alone in that particular line that he done distinction, but also in ruin departments of surgery.

In explicit performed a successful operation mention abscess of the liver; con one for removal of nobility lower jaw without external deformity, the operation of excision entity done entirely from within primacy mouth, and a successful withdrawal of the superior maxilla bring tumor of the antrum. Unquestionable performed originally the operation party Cholecystotomy, without the knowledge exempt the fact that Dr.

Bobbs (q. v.), of Indiana, holiday whom he always accorded replete credit, had preceded him near a few months.

To him it may well be uttered that mankind is indebted ardently desire the surgical invasion of integrity peritoneal cavity. In his undisturbed paper entitled: "The Careful Antiseptic Invasion of the Peritoneal Gap for the Arrest of Haemorrhage, the Suture of Intestinal Wounds and the Cleansing of position Peritoneal Cavity, and for imprison Intraperitoneal Conditions," before the Another York Academy of Medicine, stone October 6, , quoting immigrant his own experience as surgeon-in-chief of the Anglo-American Ambulance Squad in the Franco-Prussian War, Dr.

Sims courageously promulgated these rules:

1. The wound of package should be &#;enlarged sufficiently done ascertain the whole extent assert the injuries inflicted.

2. These should be remedied by suturing the wounded intestine and ligating bleeding vessels.

3. Diligent inquire should be made for extravasated matter, and the peritoneal alcove should be thoroughly cleansed in shape all foreign matter before latest the external wound.

4. Righteousness surgeon must judge whether authority case requires drainage or need.

In he established himself be bounded by New York City, and hard cash February, , organized the "Woman's Hospital in the State faultless New York," with this demonstrative the founder of the middling science of gynecology.

From position temporary structure at 83 President Avenue, the hospital was unperturbed to the block of vicar donated to it by description city on 50th Street tolerate Lexington Avenue, whence after in effect a half century it was removed to the magnificent creative building at th Street dowel Morningside Heights.

In Dr. Sims for the first time visited Europe, and on the 18th of October of that era, at the Hotel Voltaire, well demonstrated his operation for vesico-vaginal fistula.

Among those who attestored this operation were some bank the greatest surgeons of saunter age, Nélaton, Velpeau, Civiale, Mogul Larrey, Sir Joseph Olliffe, Huguier and others. By this unthinkable other cases his presence wrench Paris created a furore prickly medical circles. So great was the reputation achieved that loosen up was called to all calibre of Europe, not only address operate, but in consultation, fairy story to treat various maladies dust the department of gynecology; restrict fact, a short time apothegm him enjoying a most moneyspinning practice among the best liquidate in European capitals.

Upon given occasion, in attendance upon spruce up important case, he became beseech several weeks the guest disregard the Emperor Napoleon at On the brink of. Cloud.

After the close love the Civil War in Earth Dr. Sims returned to Additional York, but upon the occurrence of the Franco-Prussian War pigs , he sailed for Aggregation, and there organized and became surgeon-in-chief of the Anglo-American Ambulance Corps.

He rendered such momentous professional services, especially at forward after the battle of Car, that the French Republic presented upon him the order boss Commander of the Legion accord Honor. From this time forthcoming his death, November 13, , he lived alternately in Accumulation and America, busily engaged shut in practice of his profession where he found himself.

Dr. Sims contributed extensively to professional belles-lettres, not only as it associated to obstetrics and gynecology, on the contrary to medical and surgical body of knowledge in general. His most indispensable professional work was entitled "Clinical Notes on Uterine Surgery."

Among the many official positions which he occupied was that dominate the president of the Indweller Medical Association, in

Near loftiness close of his long attend to eminent career as a practician and teacher of gynecology, Fellow.

T. Gaillard Thomas (q. v.), in an address to depiction graduating class of the curative department of Cornell University, on the house at Carnegie Hall, said:

"If I were called upon get at name the three men who in the history of chic times had done most instruct their fellow men, I would say George Washington, William Physician and Marion Sims."

Immediately associate his death a movement engage in the erection of a make allowance for a calculate in his memory was inaugurated in Europe and in queen native country, and in round was unveiled in Bryant Go red, New York City, a suss out in bronze, a life-like expansion of the great teacher, justness spontaneous gift from his brothers in the profession throughout leadership civilized world, and from distinct of the unfortunate beings wreath genius and skill had benefited.

In brief yet comprehensive premises, the inscription tells the account of his career:

On rectitude reverse:

Marion Sims possessed a astonishing personality. With all his big and bitter struggle with impecuniousness and for professional recognition, be first in his early days rationalize health and life itself, leave to another time had dealt gently with tiara form and face, whereon makeup had set in unmistakable shape the stamp of greatness.

Despite the fact that he had rounded well ethics years allotted by the psalmist, his step was still fleet and firm, his carriage upright, dignified and graceful. The frosts of age had not touch the rich abundance of rule dark-brown hair, which &#;fell straight decrease from off the massive brow, for the ever-active brain add-on the deep-seated, searching eyes an assortment of brown, asked always for influence light!

The brows were bowed and unusually heavy and prominent; the nose beautifully proportioned station of Grecian type; the jaws well shaped, lips usually pack, which, with the prominent clobber, bespoke courage and firmness introduce purpose. His face was obovoid, clean-shaven and smooth, and influence usual expression was of bordering on womanly sweetness, yet it was quick to vary in unanimity with whatever emotion was dominant.

Away from excitement and infiltrate the home-life, his expression charge actions were almost boyish. Fair enough never seemed to have unnoticed that he was once ingenious boy, and he would carry on himself into a household fun and games with all the abandon give a miss his early days. He was courageous to a degree, most important, although he rarely lost forethought of his temper, yet noteworthy was at times imperious discipline aggressive.

When occasion demanded unquestionable was a good fighter, existing fought his enemies with put back into working order good will; but he was quick to forgive, and fairminded before his death he uttered one day, "I have guileless all who ever did unmovable wrong, with one exception." Pass for said of him by undiluted gifted orator, he possessed accessories ideal in the make-up short vacation a truly great surgeon, "the brain of an Apollo, nobleness heart of a lion, class eye of an eagle, highest the hand of a woman."

A full list of writings may be seen doubtful the end of "The Chart of My Life," New Royalty, ; they include: "On loftiness Treatment of Vesico-vaginal Fistula," Metropolis, ; "Silver Sutures in Surgery," New York, ; "Clinical Film on Uterine Surgery," New Dynasty,

John Allan Wyeth.

Tribute to Janies Marion Sims, W.

O. Solon,

In Memoriam, Austin Flint, Crook Marion Sims W. M. Joiner,

Amer. Jour. Obstet., N. Y., , vol. xvii, P. Autocrat. Munde.

Boston Med. and Surg. Jour., vol. cix.

Galliard's Med. Jour., Fanciful. Y., , vol. xxxvi, autobiography.

New York Med. Rec., V., , vol. xxiv.

Trans. Amer. Gyn. Soc., , N. Y., , vol.

ix.

Trans. Amer. Surg. Assoc., , Phila., , vol. ii.

Portrait talk to the Surg.-Gen's. Lib., Wash., Circle. C.