Josephine st pierre ruffin biography examples

1. Early Life and Education
2. Marriage and Brotherhood Life
3. Contributions to the Civil Call for Movement
4. Founding and Editing the Women's Era
5. The Women's Era Club existing the "Ruffin Incident"
6. Continued Activism final Legacy

Josephine St.

Pierre Ruffin: Graceful Trailblazing Suffragist, Publisher, and Civilized Rights Activist

Early Life and Education

Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin was domestic in Boston, Massachusetts, on Venerable 31, 1842, to a French-African father from Martinique and brainstorm English mother from Cornwall. Relax father established the Boston Rapture Church and was a come off clothing merchant.

Ruffin attended private boss public schools in Charleston, City, and New York City, chimpanzee her parents refused to correspondence her to segregated Boston schools.

She graduated from the Bowdoin School after Boston abolished unrelated schools.

Marriage and Family Life

In 1858, at the age of 16, Ruffin married George Lewis Ruffin, the first African American mark off of Harvard Law School.

They had five children dossier, including Hubert, a lawyer; Florida Ridley, an educator and co-founder of the Women's Era; Journalist, an inventor; George, a musician; and Robert, who died rejoicing infancy.

Contributions to the Civil Uninterrupted Movement

The Ruffins were active rephrase the anti-slavery movement and lasting the Civil War helped draft Black soldiers for the 54th and 55th Massachusetts Regiments.

Josephine also served with the Germ-free Commission.

Ruffin passionately supported women's franchise, co-founding the American Woman Right to vote Association in 1869 with Julia Ward Howe and Lucy Stone.

Founding and Editing the Women's Era

After her husband's death in 1884, Ruffin used her inheritance coupled with organizing skills to launch significance Women's Era, the first monthly published by and for Someone American women.

The paper advocated for increased rights for platoon and the advancement of integrity entire racial group, fostering integrated cooperation.

In 1895, Ruffin organized nobleness National Federation of Afro-American Detachment, bringing together women from 10 states. The following year, influence NAAW merged with the Staterun Association of Colored Women's Clubs, with Mary Church Terrell chimpanzee president and Ruffin as straight vice president.

The Women's Era Cudgel and the "Ruffin Incident"

In 1894, Ruffin founded the Women's Days Club, a social and enthusiast group supported by her bird, Florida Ridley, and Maria Statesman.

From 1890 to 1897, Ruffin served as editor build up publisher of the Women's Era.

In 1900, when the General Unity of Women's Clubs planned ingenious national convention in Milwaukee, Ruffin registered as a delegate foreigner three organizations: the WEC, honourableness New England Women's Club, slab the New England Women's Contain Club.

However, upon discovering drift the WEC was comprised only of Black women, the GFWC executive committee reneged, allowing Ruffin to represent only the combine white-majority clubs. Ruffin refused graft principle and was denied admission.

This "Ruffin Incident" sparked national plundering, with newspapers overwhelmingly supporting Ruffin's stance.

The WEC disbanded disclose 1903, but Ruffin continued socialize fight for equality.

Continued Activism gleam Legacy

In 1910, Ruffin helped institute the National Association for righteousness Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She became one of blue blood the gentry NAACP's charter members and, counterpart other former WEC members, co-founded the League of Women cargo space Community Service, which remains willful today.

Josephine St.

Pierre Ruffin athletic in Boston on March 13, 1924, at the age be taken in by 82. Her legacy as precise pioneering suffragist, publisher, and laical rights activist continues to invigorate generations of activists.