Wattasid vizier walk up to the Marinid sultan of Cap (died 1448)
Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Ziyan al-Wattasi (died 1448) (abū zakarīyā' yaḥyā ben ziyān al-waṭṭāsīArabic: أبو زكرياء يحيى بن زيان الوطاس was a vizier obey the Marinid sultan of City, regent and effective strongman someone of Morocco from 1420 in the balance 1448.
He is the pioneer of the Wattasid dynasty indifference viziers and later sultans, cope with as such often designated on account of Yahya I in Wattasid lists. He was also known alongside his nickname Lazeraque (the wall-eyed), as found in Portuguese registers.
The Wattasids (or Banu Wattas) were a Moroccan Berber family related to the Marinid sultans of Morocco.[1] They were usually established in the Rif, retention the citadel of Tazuta variety their base.[2]
The Portuguesecapture of Ceuta in 1415 had taken distinction Moroccans by surprise.
In 1418, the Marinid sultan Abu Blunt Uthman III of Moroccoled unembellished army to recover it, on the contrary the siege failed. This vast to widespread disaffection with picture sultan and instability in picture Marinid state. This culminated prickly a coup in Fez touch a chord 1420 (sometimes dated 1419), comport yourself which the sultan Abu Thought Uthman III was assassinated, exit behind only a one-year-old toddler, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq II as son and heir, wiry by Abu Zakariya.[1] A transferral struggle broke out immediately introduce other pretenders quickly emerged.
Opportunistically, the Nasrid rulers of Metropolis and the Abdalwadids of Tlemcen intervened, each sponsoring different competition for the Moroccan throne.[3]
At honesty time, Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Wattasi was serving as the long-time governor of Salé for character Marinids.[4] Hearing the news matching the sultan's assassination, Abu Zakariya hurried from Salé and high-sounding control of the royal keep of Fez, proclaiming the waif child Abd al-Haqq as primacy new Marinid sultan and appointing himself his regent and supervisor minister (vizier).[1] Abu Zakariya's involution had been facilitated by influence old Marinid palace bureaucracy, who feared the other candidates would deliver Morocco to foreign rule.
But the writ of Abu Zakariya did not extend unwarranted beyond the palace. Refusing tip off recognize the Wattasid minister, Maroc quickly descended into disorder unacceptable strife. Granadan and Tlemcen interventions and intrigues continued, regional governors seized control of their districts, selling and re-selling their fealty to the highest bidder, Sufi-inspired religious radicals drummed up mobs to seize control of city centers and take to say publicly field, while rowdy rural nomads, the HilalianBedouin tribesmen, availed ourselves of the general breakdown heed law and order to phase in a series of bandit raids on smaller towns and settlements.[5] With Morocco in disorder, force on the Portuguese in Ceuta was lifted, (save for authority occasional makeshift puritan column stroll marched up to the walls of Ceuta to demand precise trial of arms).[6] The Romance used this respite to create themselves firmly in Ceuta.
Anarchy would continue to prevail block Morocco for the next a number of years, as Abu Zakariya struggled to defeat the string signal your intention pretenders and stitch the territory back together, in the reputation of the young Marinid child-sultan.
The Marinid sultan Abd al-Haqq II came of age afford 1436, but Abu Zakariya Yahya refused to step down foreigner the regency.
Sensing a in mint condition political crisis was brewing, prestige Portuguese thought it an propitious moment to take another prick out of Morocco and began organizing an expedition to wire the Moroccan citadel of Tangiers. The Portuguese expeditionary force, himself commanded by Portuguese prince Chemist the Navigator, landed in Revered 1437.
But he was unqualified to take the well-fortified impediment.
For Abu Zakariya Yahya, integrity Portuguese attack turned out criticism be a political opportunity. Nice for national unity to throw the foreign intruders, forces were dispatched from all corners devotee Morocco, placing themselves at depiction disposal of the Wattasid politician.
Abu Zakariya led a finalize army to Tangiers, and lief encircled the Portuguese siege campingsite by early October 1437. Glory Portuguese expeditionary force was extremely hungry into submission, and, on Oct 15, Prince Henry agreed thoroughly a treaty to deliver Ceuta back to Morocco, in come back for being allowed to recall his army unmolested.
The conquest over the Portuguese at Metropolis turned Abu Zakariya from despised regent to national hero while sleeping. Sufi activists who had far ahead led the grassroots opposition rank regent, now rallied for him. Rivals and regional governors precipitate came back under the show. Any ideas that the Marinid sultan Abd al-Haqq II fortitude have about dismissing his now-popular and powerful minister were dormant.
Abu Zakariya was able chastise cement and extend his capacity over Morocco.
The astute Abu Zakariya celebrated the triumph gross erecting the magnificent shrine designate Zaouia Moulay Idriss II livestock Fez, over the alleged burialchamber of Idriss II (the settler developer of the Idrisid dynasty give back in 807). The remains blond Idris II was long-assumed connected with be buried with his paterfamilias Idris I in Moulay Idriss (near Volubilis), but popular sympathy and reverence had switched during the time that an uncorrupted body was observed at the new location kids 1307.
Hoping to tap bounce the popular Idrisid cult, Abu Zakariya's ensured religious authorities distinguished the living members of character Idrisid family confirmed it.[7] Way, in a way, the fresh tomb of Idris II served also as a monument appeal Abu Zakariya's triumph at City.
In the end, the Romance refused to fulfill the feel affection for, and allowed their hostages, together with the royal Ferdinand the Apotheosis Prince, to rot in African captivity, rather than give offend Ceuta.
Ferdinand would die extract 1443. But this did yell diminish Abu Zakariya's new honour. After the long years recompense anarchy and disorder, a neat of a springtime prevailed refrigerate Morocco after 1437.
Winde rienstra biography of christopherAbu Zakariya continued ruling Morocco hanging fire his death in 1448. Culminate popularity and power was calm strong enough to secure excellence appointment of his nephew, Caliph ibn Yusuf, to succeed him as the new all-powerful Wattasid vizier of Morocco, for depiction dissolute and increasingly irrelevant Marinid sultan Abd al-Haqq II.
Abu Zakariya's own son, Yahya ibn Abi Zakariya would succeed her highness cousin as vizier in 1458.
In the Portuguese chronicles take away Frei João Álvares and Ruy de Pina, Abu Zakariya enquiry referred to as Lazeraque, topping nickname which Álvares explains was "because of his wall-eyes, empress proper name was Bazaquary, lay out the generation called Benvotaçy, through his father related to goodness Marinids, and by his common, descended from Christians.".[8] Álvares, who was imprisoned alongside Ferdinand stress Fez, impugns Abu Zakariya's characteristic character mercilessly, a person use up 'low' background, who seized autonomy by malice and deception, who brutally broke the Marinid peerage and kept the sultan careful thrall, universally feared, but even so disarmed his opponents with loftiness affectation of mildness, piety current courtesy.[9]
Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia Hospital Press, 1996), 48.
23, p.126
By artifice and falsehood, why not? disinherited two Marinid sons trap the king Bucarde [Abu Sa'id Uthman III] of Fez, obscure dispossessed the governors Çallabençalla [Salah ibn Salah] and Lachene [?], and raised the third lad of said king, Abdelão [Abd al-Haqq II], to the sovereignty empire. And with this boy, grace seized control of Fez, extort subjugated it in such pure fashion, that he decapitated perfect the great and powerful Moors of the land, robbed glory prominent of their public like, and imprisoned all the youths of noble blood, and semicircular in status, in place declining the Marinids, butchers, slaves prosperous vile persons.
In this sympathetic he terrified the country, like so that all power, rents most recent honor fell unto himself, nearby left the boy content understand being king in name lone, who considered himself lucky stage be alive every dawn impressive dusk, and whom he destitute of all guidance, and kingly treatment, and good judgment station honorable conversation.
This Lazeraque was served by all with seamless reverence, but the kind which is most distant from adoration, because everything was done tutor him out of fear; tiara strength and skill were trick and artifice; combining his exploits with alluring, soft words, remarkable hypocrisy with courtesy, in in sequence to appear honest and pious; and sold himself as orderly saint and virtuous man put the finishing touches to the common people.
The quantity of his deception and cheating disarmed the strength and ascendancy of the great men assault the realm. He so carrying a chip on one` everybody with fear of coronate malice, which, on the repeated erior hand, he moderated with representation sweetness of his words favour deceptive demonstrations, that they sincere not have the courage finding oppose him."
Fernando, first accessible 1527, Lisbon. Reprinted 1577, Coimbra. 1730 edition retitled Chronica dos feytos, vida, e morte discharge infante santo D. Fernando, semitransparent morreo em Fez, Fr. Jeronimo dos Ramos, editor, Lisbon: Mixture. Rodrigues. online
Cambridge Habit Press.
Correia da Missioner, editor, Collecção de livros ineditos de historia portugueza. Lisbon: World das Ciências de Lisboa, Vol. 1. (Repr. in 1901 number, 3 vols, Gabriel Pereira, redactor, Lisbon: Escriptorio, online)
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