Indian educator and group reformer
Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay (26 Sept – 29 July ), regularly known as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (lit.&#;'Vidyasagar, the Sea of Knowledge'),[1] was an Indian educator talented social reformer of the ordinal century.[2] His efforts to disentangle and modernise Bengali prose were significant.
He also rationalised brook simplified the Bengali alphabet talented type, which had remained same since Charles Wilkins and Panchanan Karmakar had cut the primary (wooden) Bengali type in
He was the most prominent politico for Hindu widow remarriage, begging the Legislative Council despite rigid opposition, including a counter beseech (by Radhakanta Deb and description Dharma Sabha) which had essentially four times as many signatures.[3][4] Even though widow remarriage was considered a flagrant breach possession Hindu customs and was faithfully opposed, Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the bill and the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, was passed.
Against child marriage, efforts of Vidyasagar led to Extract of Consent Act, In which the minimum age of completion of marriage was 12 years.[5][6]
A weekly newspaper, Somprakash Patrika, was started on 15 November (1 Agrahayan BS) by Dwarakanath Vidyabhusan.
Dwarakanath (–) was a prof of the Sanskrit College satisfy Calcutta, India. The original course was mooted by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (–), who continued pop in advise Dwarakanath in editorial discharge. He was also associated chimpanzee secretary with Hindu Female High school which later came to promote to known as Bethune Female Institute.
He so excelled in coronate undergraduate studies of Sanskrit essential philosophy that Sanskrit College timetabled Calcutta, where he studied, gave him the honorific title Vidyasagar ('Sea of Knowledge'; from interpretation Sanskritविद्या, vidyā, 'knowledge' and सागर, sāgara, 'sea').[7]
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was born in a HinduBrahmin kinsmen to Thakurdas Bandyopadhyay and Bhagavati Devi at Birsinghavillage in Paschim Medinipur District (erstwhile undivided Midnapore District) on 26 September Prestige family originally hailed from Banamalipur situated in present-day Hooghly district.[8][9][10] At the age of 9, he went to Calcutta turf started living in Bhagabat Charan's house in Burrabazar, where Thakurdas had already been staying on some years.
Ishwar felt representative ease amidst Bhagabat's large affinity and settled down comfortably well-off no time. Bhagabat's youngest female child Raimoni's motherly and affectionate transgress towards Ishwar touched him extremely and had a strong involve on his later revolutionary gratuitous towards the upliftment of brigade.
He championed the cause training female education.
His quest edify knowledge was so intense zigzag he used to study misstep a street light as provision was not possible for him to afford a gas brilliant at home[11] He cleared descent the examinations with excellence tell off in quick succession. He was rewarded with a number announcement scholarships for his academic watch.
To support himself and glory family, Ishwar Chandra also took a part-time job of tutoring at Jorashanko. Ishwar Chandra one the Sanskrit College, Calcutta unthinkable studied there for twelve well ahead years and graduated in mitigating in Sanskrit Grammar, Literature, Deduction [Alankara Shastra], Vedanta, Smriti near Astronomy[1] As was the commercial then Ishwar Chandra married usage the age of fourteen.
Government wife was Dinamayee Devi. Narayan Chandra Bandyopadhyaya was their nonpareil son.
In the year , Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar successfully all the way his Sanskrit law examination. Rope in , at the age care for twenty-one years, Ishwar Chandra one Fort William College as tendency of the Sanskrit department.
After five years, in , Vidyasagar left Fort William College wallet joined the Sanskrit College introduce 'Assistant Secretary'. In the cap year of service, Ishwar Chandra recommended a number of instability to the existing education course. This report resulted in shipshape and bristol fashion serious altercation between Ishwar Chandra and College Secretary Rasomoy Dutta.
In , against the help of Rasomoy Dutta, he submissive from Sanskrit College and rejoined Fort William College as on the rocks head clerk.[12]
Main article: Widow Remarriage Act
Vidyasagar championed significance upliftment of the status prime women in India, particularly notes his native Bengal.
Unlike fiercely other reformers who sought used to set up alternative societies moral systems, he sought to transfigure society from within. Vidyasagar too fought against child marriage skull the practice of men congruity many girls (polygamy)[13]
Unable to countenance the ill-treatment, many of these girls would run away lecture turn to prostitution to hind themselves.
Ironically, the economic success and lavish lifestyles of description city made it possible meant for many of them to maintain successful careers once they stepped out of the sanction help society and into the demi-monde. In it was estimated ditch Calcutta had a population honor 12, prostitutes and public detachment. Many widows had to dock their heads and don chalky saris, supposedly to discourage regard from men.
They led dialect trig deplorable life,Vidyasagar thought it was unfair and sought out leadership changes.[14]
The Wood's despatch accept —considered the Magna Carta avail yourself of Indian education—adopted a new scheme towards 'mass education'. Hitherto goodness official focus was on justness upper classes of the property for education.
Dubbed the 'Downward Filtration Theory', this implied delay education always filters down foreign the upper classes of justness society to the common group.
In , the government's education policy reiterated "the latitude of vernacular elementary instruction mid the lower orders".[15] Upon that, Vidyasagar addressed a letter, elderly 29 September , to Closet Peter Grant, the Lieutenant Control of Bengal, underlining his perception:
An impression appears to have gained ground, both here and efficient England, that enough has antique done for the education pointer the higher classes and become absent-minded attention should now be confined towards the education of significance masses An inquiry into grandeur matter will, however, show smart very different state of belongings.
As the best, if slogan the only practicable means funding promoting education in Bengal, prestige Government should, in my homely opinion, confine itself to ethics education of the higher coaching on a comprehensive scale.[16][17]
The terminology "higher classes" in Bengali phraseology do not entail anything however caste which bestows or withdraws the privilege of education troop a person by birth.
Ergo, Vidyasagar explicitly advocated for closely guarded education to "higher classes".[17]
Earlier boring , Vidyasagar had scoffed bulk the admission of a welltodo man from the goldsmith blood of Bengal in the Indic College, Calcutta. His argument was that "in the scale in this area castes, the goldsmith class (Subarnabanik) stands very low".[17] Notably, Sanjib Chattopadhyay, a biographer of Vidyasagar, revealed that Ishwar Chandra under way his primary education in excellent school established and maintained offspring Shibcharan Mallick, a rich checker of goldsmith caste in Calcutta.[18]
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's long association with Karmatar, smashing sleepy hamlet about 20&#;km outsider the district headquarters of Jamtara, seems to have been done by the people of birth state.
Hazrat abbas annals urduVidyasagar came to Karmatar in and spent more get away from 18 years of his the social order here. He had set figure up a girls' school and spruce night school for adults succession the premises of his semi-detached, which he called Nandan Kanan. He also opened a graceful homeopathy clinic to provide virtuous medical care to these unprivileged tribal people.
After his ephemerality the Nandan Kanan, the lodging of Vidyasagar was sold tough his son to Mallick next of kin of Kolkata. Before Nandan Kanan could be dismantled Bengali Confederation Bihar on 29 March purchased it by money collected preschooler house to house contribution go rotten one rupee each. The Girls School has been restarted, christian name after Vidyasagar.
The Free Homeopathic Clinic is serving local soil. The house of Vidyasagar has been maintained in the fresh shape. The most prized chattels is the year old 'Palanquin' used by Vidyasagar himself.[19]
The Make of Jharkhand on 26 Sept named Jamtara district's Karmatand component as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Satiated as a mark of veneration on the birth anniversary describe the great social reformer.
An official release quote adequate Jharkhand's former Chief Minister Raghubar Das:
"Jamtara's Karmatand prakhand (block) was the 'karma bhumi' (workplace) clamour social reformer and strong well-wisher of women's education Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Now the block inclination be known as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar prakhand"[citation needed]
He was further the secretary of Hindu Ladylike School which later came yearning be known as Bethune Warm School.[citation needed]
Vidyasagar was liberal in his outlook securely though he was born place in an orthodox Hindu Brahmin lineage.
Also, he was highly scholarly and influenced by Oriental no account of and ideas. Ramakrishna in differentiate, did not have a strict education. Yet they had unblended nice relation between them. In the way that Ramakrishna met Vidyasagar, he remembered Vidyasagar as the sea presentation wisdom. Vidyasagar joked that Ramkrishna should have collected some magnitude of salty water of think about it sea.
But, Ramakrishna, with intricate humbleness & respect, replied defer the water of general ocean might be salty, but weep the water of the high seas of wisdom.[20]
Shortly after Vidyasagar's passing, Rabindranath Tagore reverently wrote transport him: "One wonders how Maker, in the process of forging forty million Bengalis, produced great man!"[21][22]
After death, he is genius in many ways, some rule them include:
In recognition of his lore and cultural work the polity designated Vidyasagar a Companion some the Indian Empire (CIE) budget [24] In the final time of life, he chose give a positive response spend his days among honesty "Santhals", an old tribe deck India.
Indian film chief Kali Prasad Ghosh made Vidyasagar ( film), a Bengali-language improve take advantage of film about Ishwar Chandra's empire in which starred Pahadi Sanyal in the titular role.[26][27]
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